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Web Accessibility For Screen Magnifier Users

The needs of screen magnifier users are overlooked when implementing web accessibility
on to a website. Screen magnifiers are used by partially sighted
web users to increase the size of on-screen elements. Some users will magnify
the screen so that only three to four words are able to appear on the screen
at any one time.

You can try using a screen magnifier yourself by downloading
the Zoomtext screen magnifier from http://www.aisquared.com/Products/ZoomText8_mag/FreeTrial/Z8FreeTrial.htm
for a free 30 day trial.

The good news is that some of the basic principles for improving accessibility
and usability for screen magnifiers users, also increase usability for everyone.
To help, we’ve listed six ways to improve accessibility and usability for
screen magnifier users:

1. Don’t Embed Text Within Images

Text embedded within images can become blurry and pixelated when viewed in
screen magnifiers, and therefore completely illegible. This is especially true
when the image text is rather poor quality, so if you absolutely have to embed
text within images then make sure the image is of high quality. Many screen
magnifier users can find it quite difficult to read text at the best of times,
so when it appears fuzzy to them it can become difficult to impossible to
read.

It’s not usually necessary to embed text within images anymore, as most
presentational effects can now be achieved with CSS. By embedding text within
images
the download time of each page can become significantly greater due to the weight
of these images – for users on dial-up modems it can be a real pain waiting
for these images to download and render.

If you’re not sure if a piece of text on the page is embedded within an
image or not, try highlighting the text. If you can highlight each letter individually
then the text is real text and isn’t embedded within an image.

2. Clearly Separate Sections Of The Page

Different sections of each web page should be clearly separated through the
use of borders and different background colours. Screen magnifiers users can
only see one tiny section of a web page at any one time so it can sometimes
be hard for these users to orientate themselves within the page.

By using a blue background colour for the navigation, for example, screen magnifier
users can quickly move through the page and when they see a blue background
they instantly know that the content area has finished and the navigation area
begun.

Likewise, by separating different sections of the page with borders, when a
screen magnifier user moves over that border they know they’re moving into
a
different section. One especially common form of this, is using a vertical bar
to separate horizontal navigation items.

Separating different sections of the page with background colours and borders
doesn’t only increase usability for screen magnifier users – it increases
usability for everyone. When regularly sighted users scan through a web page,
if the content, footer and navigation are all effectively differentiated
it’s very easy to quickly gain an understanding of the on-page layout.

3. Use Clear And Descriptive Headings Often

When screen magnifier users move their magnifier across the screen one of the
items that stand out to them is headings. By ensuring heading text is large,
and perhaps by differentiating it through the use of colour, it will stand out
to these users.

Screen magnifier users usually have to stop the movement of the magnifier when
they want to read a piece of text, so when they see a heading, they can stop
and read it. Because headings (in theory at least!) describe the content contained
beneath them, screen magnifier users can read a heading, gain an understanding
of the content beneath it, and decide whether they want to read that content
or not. If not, they can simply move the magnifier down the screen and stop
at the next heading.

Headings are incredibly useful for fully sighted users too for essentially
the same reason. When you scan through a web page, headings are one of the items
that stand out to you. Again, you can read the heading (or listen to it for
a screen reader user), and provided its descriptive, instantly gain an understanding
of the content beneath it. You can then keep reading or skip on to the next
heading down the page.

4. Ensure Link Text Is Descriptive Of Its Destination

Link text such as ‘click here’ and ‘more’ should be avoided
and replaced with link text that adequately describes the link destination.
Link text, along
with headings, is one of the items that stands out to screen magnifier users
(and all users for that matter) when browsing a web page. If ‘click here’
is used then these users (and in fact all users) will have to search through
the text before and after the link in order to work out its destination.

5. Avoid Scrolling Or Flashing Text

Scrolling or flashing text is generally known for offering poor usability,
as it means that users can’t read the text in their own time. This is doubly
true for screen magnifier users who read web pages at a slower rate – chances
are that they won’t have time to read the text at all before it disappears.

6. Front-load Paragraph Content

By front-loading paragraph content, screen magnifier users can access the main
point of each paragraph immediately. Front-loading means placing the conclusion
first, followed by the what, why, when, where and how. By placing the conclusion
first, screen magnifier users can read the conclusion of the paragraph
straightaway and then decide whether they are interested in reading the rest
of the paragraph or not.

If screen magnifier users aren’t interested in the content of a paragraph,
they can move the magnifier down the screen and when they see white space they
know that the paragraph has ended and the next paragraph begun.

This rule about front-loading paragraph content actually benefits absolutely
everyone. By putting the conclusion at the start of the paragraph, all users
can instantly gain an understanding of the point of the paragraph and decide
whether they want to keep reading it (or skip to the next paragraph).

Conclusion

All-in-all, there are quite a few things that can be done to improve usability
and accessibility for screen magnifier users. The good news though is that
all of them improve usability for absolutely everyone.

This article was written by Trenton Moss.

Reproduced from http://www.yop2.com/web-accessibility-for-screen-magnifier-users/.